阻燃性能
建筑材料的阻燃要求根据其在不同的使用场所有特定的规范，例如公共场所，高层建筑等场所相应的建材阻燃要求会较高。因此，对建材本身的阻燃性能进行了解和掌握是每个生产商/经销商/消费者都必须具备的技术信息，它能帮助我们在选购/使用建材时提供有效的指导意见。同时，各国/地区对于建筑的阻燃测试都配套有强制性的标准方法。
欧盟为了更加严格的规范建筑产品CE认证，自2013年7月1日起，欧盟颁布的建筑产品法规Construction Product Regulation No.305/2011/EU-CPR(简称CPR法规)将全面取代原来的建筑产品CE认证指令(Construction product directive 89/106/EEC-CPD(简称CPD指令)，进入强制实施阶段。其中防火性能是CE认证里面最关注的性能指标之一，对应的测试标准为EN 13501阻燃分级系列标准。
美国的NFPA 101生命安全规范，该规范旨在规定必要建造、保护和居住使用功能，以最大程度减小火灾影响对生命造成的危险，包括火灾中产生的烟，热，有毒气体。引用的测试方法包括ASTM E84，ASTM E 136，ASTM E 119等，对不同类型的建筑场所提出了相应的阻燃要求。
中国的建材使用主要遵照1984年颁布实施的“中华人民共和国消防条例”。在实际应用中，材料的性能要求及应用范围还应依据具体的相关法律法规，如：建筑设计防火规范(GB 16-87)，高层民用建筑设计防火规范(GB 50045-95)，建筑内部装修设计防火规范(GB 50222-95)等。为了评估建材的阻燃性能，中国国家质量技术监督局制定了“建筑材料及制品燃烧性能分级”(GB8624-2006)和(GB8624-20012)标准。该标准对建材的阻燃性能作了明确分类，并详细表述了建材相应的测试方法及技术参数是否达到相应的阻燃等级。
建材防火测试产品范围：
地板，墙板，天花，保温材料，石膏板，人造石，水泥纤维板，壁纸，木塑，硅酸钙板，隔音材料，玻璃钢，竹木制品，建筑涂料，门窗，铝塑板，蜂窝板，建筑玻璃，装饰织物，彩钢板，建筑发泡材料，胶凝材料和胶粘剂等
防火测试项目：
防火评级，可燃性，难燃性，不燃性，燃烧释放热量，着火性，氧指数，毒性指数，产烟量，燃烧滴落物，烟密度等。
建材阻燃测试标准：
EN 13501-1:2007FIRE CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS AND BUILDING ELEMENTS. CLASSIFICATION USING TEST DATA FROM REACTION TO FIRE TESTS 建材阻燃分级标准
引用的测试方法：
EN ISO 1182建筑制品燃烧性能试验—不燃性试验(类似GB/T 5464)
EN ISO 9239-1铺地材料燃烧性能测定—辐射热源法院(类似GB/T 11785)
EN ISO 1716 建筑材料燃烧热值试验方法(类似GB/T 14402)
EN ISO 13823建筑材料或制品的单体燃烧试验(SBI)(类似GB/T 20284)
EN ISO 11925-2 建筑材料可燃性测试,第二部分: 单一火源测试. (类似GB/T 11785)
NF P 92-507:2004 Fire safety-building-Interior fitting materials-classification according to their reaction to fire 建筑内饰材料对火反应分级
M0~M4对应的测试方法包括：
NF P 92-501, Fire safety — Building — Testing how materials react to fire — Radiation test applicable to materials that are or have been made rigid (materials with bonded claddings) of any thickness and to flexible materials more than 5 mm thick.
NF P 92-503, Fire safety — Building — Testing how materials react to fire — Electric burner test applicable to flexible materials.
NF P 92-504, Fire safety — Building — Testing how materials react to fire — Persistence test and test measuring flame propagation speed.
NF P 92-505, Fire safety — Building — Testing how materials react to fire — Test applicable to fusible materials: drip test.
NF P 92-506, Building — Testing how materials react to fire — Panel-heater test for floor coverings.
EN ISO 1716 Testing how building products react to fire — Determining combustion heat
GB 8624-2006 建筑材料及制品燃烧性能分级/Classification for burning behavior of building materials and products
GB/T 20285-2006 材料产烟毒性危险分级/Toxic classification of fire effluents hazard for materials
BS 476-4:1970(AMD 1983) Fire tests in building materials and structures Part 4: Non-combustibility test for materials 不燃性测试
BS 476-5:1979 Fire tests in building materials and structures Part 5: method of test for ignitability 点燃性测试
DIN 4102 - Part 1, B1 (1998), Reaction to fire tests - Ignitability of building products subjected to direct impingement of flame. 建筑材料对火反应
ASTM E 84-15 Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials 建筑材料表面燃烧特性测定
GB 50222-2001 建筑内部装修防火技术规范/Code for fire prevention in design of interior decoration of buildings
GB 9978-1:2008 建筑构件耐火试验(ISO 834-1:1999 MOD)/Fire-resisitance tests - Elements of building construction Part 1: general requirements
BS 476-20/22:1987 Fire tests on building materials and structures Method for determination of the fire resistance 建筑构件耐火试验
ASTM D 2843:1999(2004)e1 Standard Test Method for Density of Smoke from the Burning or Decomposition of plastics 塑料烟密度
ISO 5660-1:2002 Reaction-to-fire tests - Heat release, smoke production and mass loss rate - Part 1: Heat release rate (cone calorimeter method) 热释放速率－锥形量热仪
ASTM E 648-2009a Standard Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor-Covering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source1 铺地材料－辐射热源法
ASTM D3675-2009 Standard Test Method for Surface Flammability of Flexible Cellular Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
ISO 5659-2:2006 Plastics- Smoke generation Part 2: Determination of optical density by a single-chamber test塑料烟密度
AS 1530.1-1994 Methods for fire tests on building materials components and structures Part 1: Combustibility test for materials
ASTM E119 - 12 Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials 建筑构件耐火试验
BS 6307:1982 Method for Determination of the effects of a small source of ignition on textile floor coverings (Methenamine table)小火源对铺地织物影响的测定方法(乌洛托品片试验)
BS 4790:1987 Method for determination of the effects of a small source of ignition on textile floor coverings (hot metal nut method)小火源对铺地织物影响的测定方法(热金属螺母法)
16 CFR 1630 (FF 1-70) Standard for the surface flammability of carpets and rugs (ASTM D 2859-04)地毯和垫子表面燃烧性能标准
16 CFR 1631 (FF 1-70) Standard for the surface flammability of small carpets and rugs小地毯和垫子的表面燃烧性能标准
ISO 6925:1982 Textile floor coverings - Burning behaviour-Tablet test at ambient temperature (Methenamine table)铺地织物.抗燃性.室温下的乌洛托品片试验
GB/T 11049-2008 地毯燃烧性能－室温片剂试验方法/Burning behaviour of Carpet - Table test at ambient temperature
GB/T 14768-1993 地毯燃烧性能45度试验方法及评定/Carpet burning
behaviour-Test method at 45 and assessment
SOR 91-264 Hazardous Products (Carpets) Regulations (Method F-04:2004 TEST METHOD FOR EVALUATING TEXTILE FLOOR COVERINGS FOR FLAME RESISTANCE)加拿大危险产品(地毯)法规(测试方法F-04:2004 纺织品铺地材料阻燃测试)
CNS14705-A3386-2008 Method of test for heat release rate for building materials - cone calorimeter method 建筑材料燃烧热释放率试验法－圆锥量热仪法
ANSI/UL 94-2013 Standard for Safety Tests for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices设备和器械零件用塑料材料的易燃性安全性试验标准
AS 1530.1: 1994 (R2016) Methods for fire tests on building materials, components and structures - Combustibility test for materials建筑材料、成分和结构的防火测试方法 材料可燃性测试
AS 1530.4: 2014 Methods for fire tests on building materials, components and structures - Fire-resistance test of elements of construction建筑材料、构件和结构防火试验用方法.结构构件的防火试验
AS ISO 9239-1: 2003 Reaction to fire tests for floorings — Part 1: Determination of the burning behavior using a radiant heat source地板对火试验的反应 - 第 1 部分：使用辐射热源测定燃烧行为
ASTM D 4986-18 Standard Test Method for Horizontal Burning Characteristics of Cellular Polymeric Materials泡沫聚合材料水平燃烧特性的标准试验方法
ASTM D3801-20 Standard Test Method for Measuring the Comparative Burning Characteristics of Solid Plastics in a Vertical Position垂直位置测量固体塑料比较燃烧特性的标准试验方法
ASTM D4804-20 Standard Test Method for Determining the Flammability Characteristics of Nonrigid Solid Plastics测定非硬质固体塑料易燃性的标准试验方法
ASTM D5048-20 Standard Test Method for Measuring the Comparative Burning Characteristics and Resistance to Burn-Through of Solid Plastics Using a 125-mm Flame用125mm火焰测量固体塑料的比较燃烧特性和耐烧穿性的标准试验方法
ASTM D635-18 Standard Test Method for Rate of Burning and/or Extent and Time of Burning of Plastics in a Horizontal Position塑料在水平位置条件下的燃烧速度和/或燃烧范围和时间的标准试验方法
BS 476: Part 20: 1987 Fire tests on building materials and structures - Method for determination of the fire resistance of elements of construction (general principles) 建筑材料和结构的燃烧试验.第20部分:建筑构件耐火的测定方法(一般原理)
BS 476: Part 22: 1987 Fire Tests on Building Materials and Structures - Part 22: Methods for Determination of the Fire Resistance of Non-Loadbearing Elements of Construction建筑材料和结构的耐火试验-第 22 部分：非承重结构构件耐火性的测定方法
BS 476: Part 4: 1970 Fire tests on building materials and structures - Part 4: Non-combustibility test for materials建筑材料和结构的防火试验 - 第 4 部分：材料的不燃性试验
BS 476-6 Fire tests on building materials and structures - Method of test for fire propagation for products建筑材料和结构的燃烧试验.第6部分:制品火焰传播的试验方法
BS 476-7 Fire test on building materials and structures – Part 7: Method of test to determine the classification of the surface spread of flame of products建筑材料和结构的防火试验-第7部分：确定产品火焰表面蔓延分类的试验方法
BS EN 1363-1: 2012 Fire resistance tests Part 1: General Requirements耐火试验第 1 部分：一般要求
BS EN 1364-1: 2015 Fire Resistance Tests for Non-Loadbearing Elements - Part 1: Walls非承重构件的耐火试验.第1部分:墙
BS EN 14600: 2005 Door sets and openable windows with fire resisting and/or smoke control characteristics - Requirements and classification带耐火和/或烟控特性的整樘门和可开窗.要求和分类
BS EN 14600: 2005 Door sets and openable windows with fire resisting and/or smoke control characteristics - Requirements and classification带耐火和/或烟控特性的整樘门和可开窗.要求和分类
BS EN 16034-2014 Pedestrian door sets, industrial, commercial, garage doors and openable windows — Product standard, performance characteristics — Fire resisting and/or smoke control characteristics行人门、工业门、商业门、车库门和可打开的窗户 — 产品标准、性能特征 — 防火和/或防烟特性
BS EN 1634-1: 2014 + A1: 2018 Fire resistance tests for door and shutter assemblies - Fire doors and shutters门和遮板组件的耐火性试验.门和遮板的着火
BS EN 1634-3: 2004 Fire resistance and smoke control tests for door and shutter assemblies, openable windows and elements of building hardware - Smoke control test for door and shutter assemblies门和遮板组件、窗户和建筑建材配件的耐火和防烟控制试验.门和遮板组件的防烟控制试验
BS EN ISO 1182: 2010 Reaction to Fire Tests for Building Products - Non-Combustibility Test建筑材料着火试验.反应不燃性试验
BS EN ISO 11925-2: 2010 Reaction to Fire Tests - Ignitability of Building Products Subjected to Direct Impingement of Flame - Part 2: Single-Flame Source Test着火试验反应.火焰直接作用下建筑产品的可燃性.第2部分:单一火焰源试验
BS EN ISO 1716: 2018 Reaction to fire tests for products. Determination of the gross heat of combustion (calorific value) 建筑产品着火反应试验.总燃烧热的测定(热值)
BS EN ISO 9239-1: 2010 Reaction to fire tests for floorings — Part 1: Determination of the burning behavior using a radiant heat source地板对火试验的反应 - 第 1 部分：使用辐射热源测定燃烧行为
DIN 53438 Part 2: June 1984 Testing of combustible materials; response to ignition by a small flame; edge ignition可燃材料的检验.对用小火焰点火的反应.边缘燃烧
DIN 53438 Part 3: June 1984 Testing of combustible materials; response to ignition by a small flame; surface ignition可燃材料的检验.对小火焰点火的反应.表面点火
EN ISO 1182: 2002 Reaction to Fire Tests for Building Products - Non-Combustibility Test建筑材料着火试验.反应不燃性试验
EN ISO 11925-2: 2002 Reaction to Fire Tests - Ignitability of Building Products Subjected to Direct Impingement of Flame - Part 2: Single-Flame Source Test着火试验反应.火焰直接作用下建筑产品的可燃性.第2部分:单一火焰源试验
EN ISO 1716: 2002 Reaction to fire tests for products. Determination of the gross heat of combustion (calorific value) 建筑产品着火反应试验.总燃烧热的测定(热值)
EN ISO 9239-1: 2002 Reaction to fire tests for floorings — Part 1: Determination of the burning behavior using a radiant heat source地板对火试验的反应 - 第 1 部分：使用辐射热源测定燃烧行为
GB/T 11785-2005 Reaction to fire tests for floorings. Determination of the burning behavior using a radiant heat source铺地材料的燃烧性能测定 辐射热源法
GB/T 12513-2006 Fire-resistance tests - Elements of building construction - Glazed elements镶玻璃构件耐火试验方法
GB/T 14402-2007 Reaction to fire tests for building materials and products. Determination of the heat of combustion建筑材料及制品的燃烧性能燃烧热值的测定
GB/T 2408-2008 Plastics. Determination of burning characteristics. Horizontal and vertical test塑料.燃烧性能的测定.水平法和垂直法
GB/T 5464-2010 Non-combustibility test method for building materials建筑材料不燃性试验方法
GB/T 7633-2008 Fire resistance tests-Door and shutter assemblies门和卷帘的耐火试验方法
GB/T 8332-2008 Test method for flammability of cellular plastic. Horizonal burning method泡沫塑料燃烧性能试验方法.水平燃烧法
GB/T 8626-2007 Test method of flammability for building materials建筑材料可燃性试验方法
GB/T 9978.1-2008 Fire-resistance tests. Elements of building construction.Part1:General requirements建筑构件耐火试验方法.第1部分:通用要求
GB/T 9978.8-2008 Fire-resistance tests. Elements of building construction.Part8:Specific requirements for non-loadbearing vertical separating elements建筑构件耐火试验方法.第8部分:非承重垂直分隔构件的特殊要求
IEC 60695-11-10: 2013 Fire hazard testing. Part 11-10: Test flames.50 W horizontal and vertical flame test methods着火危险试验.第11-10部分:试验火焰.50 W水平及垂直火焰试验法
IEC 60695-11-20: 2015 Fire hazard testing - Part 11-20: Test flames - 500 W flame test method着火危险试验.第11-20部分:试验火焰:500W火焰试验方法
ISO 9772: 2012 Cellular plastics - Determination of horizontal burning characteristics of small specimens subjected to a small flame泡沫塑料 小火焰小试样的水平燃烧特性的测定