建材阻燃-赛德斯威

建筑材料的阻燃要求根据其在不同的使用场所有特定的规范, 例如公共场所, 高层建筑等场所相应的建材阻燃要求会较高。因此, 对建材本身的阻燃性能可以帮助我们在选择建材时提供有效的指导意见。同时, 各国/地区对于建筑的阻燃测试都配套有强制性的标准方法。

欧盟为了更加严格的规范建筑产品CE认证, 自2013年7月1日起, 欧盟颁布的建筑产品法规Construction Product Regulation No.305/2011/EU-CPR(简称CPR法规)将全面取代原来的建筑产品CE认证指令(Construction product directive 89/106/EEC-CPD(简称CPD指令), 进入强制实施阶段。其中防火性能是CE认证里面最关注的性能指标之一, 对应的测试标准为EN 13501阻燃分级系列标准。

美国的NFPA 101生命安全规范, 该规范旨在规定必要建造、保护和居住使用功能, 以最大程度减小火灾影响对生命造成的危险, 包括火灾中产生的烟, 热, 有毒气体。引用的测试方法包括ASTM E84, ASTM E 136, ASTM E 119等, 对不同类型的建筑场所提出了相应的阻燃要求。

意大利消防部门要求对易燃材料等的等级做相应划分, UNI 9177是一项对易燃产品进行分级的重要标准。UNI 9177根据 UNI 8456、UNI 8457和 UNI 9174进行双面燃烧、单面燃烧和辐射热点燃火焰燃烧试验。通过三个试验的综合燃烧表现将易燃产品分为5个等级。其中, Class 1为最佳性能、Class 5表示最差性能。

中国建材使用主要遵照 1984 年 “中华人民共和国消防条例”。实际应用中, 材料性能要求及范围依据相关法规, 如高层民用建筑设计防火规范（GB 50045 - 95）、建筑内部装修设计防火规范GB 50222 等。国家质量技术监督局制定 “建筑材料及制品燃烧性能分级”（GB 8624 和GB8624）标准评估建材阻燃性能, 明确分类, 详述测试方法及技术参数与阻燃等级的关系。

建材防火测试产品范围：

地板, 墙板, 天花, 保温材料, 石膏板, 人造石, 水泥纤维板, 壁纸, 木塑, 硅酸钙板, 隔热材料（如膨胀聚丙烯 (EPP)）, 隔音材料, 玻璃钢, 竹木制品, 建筑涂料, 门窗, 铝塑板, 蜂窝板, 建筑玻璃, 装饰织物, 彩钢板, 建筑发泡材料, 胶凝材料和胶粘剂等

防火测试项目：

防火评级, 可燃性, 难燃性, 不燃性, 燃烧释放热量, 着火性, 氧指数, 毒性指数, 产烟量, 燃烧滴落物, 烟密度等。

欧洲建材阻燃测试标准：

EN 13501-1Fire classification of construction products and building elements - Part 1: Classification using data from reaction to fire tests建筑产品和建筑元素的火灾分类.第1部分:依据燃烧试验的反应数据分类

EN 13823 Reaction to fire tests for building products - Building products excluding floorings exposed to the thermal attack by a single burning item对建筑产品防火测试的反应建筑产品, 不包括受到单一燃烧物品热攻击的地板

EN ISO 1182（GB/T 5464）Reaction to fire tests for products — Non-combustibility test产品对火灾测试的反应不燃性测试

EN ISO 11925-2（GB/T 8626 ）Reaction to Fire Tests - Ignitability of Building Products Subjected to Direct Impingement of Flame - Part 2: Single-Flame Source Test着火试验反应.火焰直接作用下建筑产品的可燃性.第2部分:单一火焰源试验

EN ISO 1716（GB/T 14402）Reaction to Fire Tests for Building Products - Determination of the Heat of Combustion建筑产品着火试验反应.燃烧热量测定

EN ISO 4589-2（GB/T 2406.2）Plastics - Determination of burning behaviour by oxygen index - Part 2: Ambient-temperature tes塑料通过氧指数测定其燃烧性第2部分:室温试验

EN ISO 4589-3 Plastics - Determination of burning behaviour by oxygen index - Part 3: Elevated-temperature test塑料.通过氧指数测定其燃烧性.第3部分:高温试验

EN ISO 9239-1Reaction to fire tests for floorings - Part 1: Determination of the burning behaviour using a radiant heat source地板对火反应试验.第1部分:使用单辐射热源的火焰性能测定

BS 476-4 Fire tests on building materials and structures - Non-combustibility test for materials建筑材料和结构的燃烧试验.材料的不可燃性试验

BS 476-5 Fire tests on building materials and structures-Method of test for ignitability建筑材料和结构的防火试验可燃性试验方法

BS 476-6 Fire tests on building materials and structures. Fire propagation test for materials建筑材料和结构的防火试验材料的火焰蔓延试验

BS 476-7 Fire tests on building materials and structures - Method of test to determine the classification of the surface spread of flame of products建筑材料和构件燃烧试验.第7部分:测定制品火焰表面蔓延分类的试验方法

BS 476-11 Fire tests on building materials and structures - Method for assessing the heat emission from building materials建筑材料和构件的燃烧试验.第11部分:建筑材料放热的评定方法

BS 476-12 Fire tests on building materials and structures - Method of test for ignitability of products by direct flame impingement建筑材料和结构的燃烧试验.第12部分:与火焰直接紧密接触制品可燃性试验方法

BS 476-15 Fire tests on building materials and structures - Method for measuring the rate of heat release of products建筑材料和结构的燃烧试验.产品释热的测量方法

generated by materials材料生成烟雾的光学比密度的实验室测量方法

BS 6401 Method for measurement, in the laboratory, of the specific optical density of smoke

DIN 4102-1 Fire behaviour of building materials and building components - Part 1: Building materials; concepts, requirements and tests建筑材料和建筑构件的防火性能第1部分：建筑材料概念、要求和测试

DIN 4102-14 Fire behaviour of building materials and elements; determination of the burning behaviour of floor covering systems using a radiant heat source建筑材料和构件的耐燃性能.用热辐射器测定地面覆层系统的燃烧特性

DIN 4102-15 Fire behaviour of building materials and elements "Brandschacht"建筑材料和构件耐燃性.防火竖井

DIN 4102-16 Fire behaviour of building materials and building components - Part 16: "Brandschacht" tests建筑材料和构件的耐燃性能.第16部分:防火竖井筒检验实施过程

DIN 53438-2 Testing of combustible materials; response to ignition by a small flame; edge ignition可燃材料的检验.对用小火焰点火的反应.边缘燃烧

NF P92-501 Safety against fire - Building materials - Reaction to fire tests - Radiation test used for rigid materials, or for materials on rigid substrates (flooring and finishes) of all thicknesses, and for flexible materials thicker that 5 mm.防火安全.建材.着火试验反应.各种厚度的刚性材料或刚性基材的包覆材料(地板或装饰料)以及厚度小于5mm挠性材料的辐射试验

NF P92-503 Safety against fire. Building materials. Reaction to fire tests. Electrical burner test used for flexible materials.防火安全.建材.着火试验反应.挠性材料电炉试验

NF P92-504 Safety against fire. Building materials. Reaction to fire tests. Flame persistance test and speed of the spread of flame.防火安全.建材.着火试验反应.火焰蔓延和蔓延速度试验

NF P92-505 Safety against fire. Building materials. Reaction to fire tests. Test used for thermalmelting materials. Dripping test.防火安全.建材.着火试验的反应.热熔金属.滴水试验

NF P92-506 Safety against fire. Building materials. Reaction to fire tests. Radiant panel test for flooring.防火安全.建材.材料着火试验.地面覆层辐射板试验

NF P92-507 Fire safety - Building - Interior fitting materials - Classification according to their reaction to fire.防火安全.建筑物.内部装置材料.根据着火反应分类

UNI 9177 Reaction To Fire - Combustible Products Classification对火反应 - 可燃产品分类

UNI 8456 Combustible products which can be hit by flame on both surface Reaction to fire by applying a small flame双面易燃产品的小火焰燃烧反应测试

UNI 8457 Combustible products which can be hit by flame on one surface Reaction to fire by appliying a small flame单面易燃产品的小火焰燃烧反应测试

UNI 9174 Reaction to fire of products which can be hit by flame with radiant heating辐射热点燃火焰燃烧试验

美国建材阻燃测试标准：

ASTM D2843 （GB/T 8627）Standard Test Method for Density of Smoke from the Burning or Decomposition of Plastics塑料燃烧或者分解产生的烟气的密度的标准试验方法

ASTM D3675 Test Method for Surface Flammability of Flexible Cellular Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source用辐射热能源测定柔性多孔材料表面易燃性的方法

ASTM E1321 Test Method for Determining Material Ignition and Flame Spread Properties材料可燃性和火焰传播特性测定的试验方法

ASTM E1354 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter耗氧量法测定材料及产品释热及可见烟雾释放速率方法

ASTM E136:24b Standard Test Method for Assessing Combustibility of Materials Using a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750 °C使用立式管式炉在750°C下评估材料燃烧性的标准试验方法 ASTM E162 Test Method for Surface Flammability of Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source辐射热能源用材料表面易燃性试验方法

ASTM E2768-11 Standard Test Method for Extended Duration Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials (30 min Tunnel Test)建筑材料长期表面燃烧特性的标准测试方法（30分钟隧道试验）

ASTM E648 Standard Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor-Covering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source使用辐射热源的地板覆盖系统临界辐射通量的标准试验方法

ASTM E662:21ae1 Standard Test Method for Specific Optical Density of Smoke Generated by Solid Materials固体材料产生的烟的比光密度的标准试验方法

ASTM E84 Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials建筑材料表面燃烧特性的标准试验方法

NFPA 253 Standard Method of Test for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor Covering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source使用辐射热能源测试地板覆盖系统临界辐射通量的标准方法

NFPA 701 Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles and Films纺织品和薄膜火焰传播的防火测试标准方法

UL 723:2018(R2023)Test for surface burning characteristics of building materials建筑材料表面燃烧特性的试验

国际建材阻燃测试标准：

IEC 60707（GB/T 11020）Flammability of solid non-metallic materials when exposed to flame sources - List of test methods固体非金属材料暴露于火焰源的可燃性试验方法清单

ISO 1182 Reaction to fire tests for products - Non-combustibility test产品对着火试验的反应.不可燃性试验

ISO 5659-2（GB/T 8323.2） Plastics - Smoke generation - Part 2: Determination of optical density by a single-chamber test塑料.烟雾产生.第2部分:用单燃烧室试验测定光密度

ISO 5660-1:2015/Amd.1:2019+C:2021 Fire tests; reaction to fire; part 1: rate of heat release from building products (cone calorimeter method)着火试验.火灾阻力.第1部分:建筑物产品热释放率(锥形热量计法)

ISO 9705 Fire tests; full-scale room test for surface products着火试验.室内物品着火实样试验

ISO 9705-1 Reaction to fire tests — Room corner test for wall and ceiling lining products — Part 1: Test method for a small room configuration对火灾测试的反应墙壁和天花板衬里产品的房间角落测试第1部分：小房间配置的测试方法

ISO 9772 （GB/T 8332）Cellular plastics. Determination of horizontal burning characteristics of small specimens subjected to a small flame泡沫塑料. 需用小火焰的小试样的水平燃烧特性的测定

IEC 60707 Flammability of solid non-metallic materials when exposed to flame sources - List of test methods固体非金属材料暴露于火焰源的可燃性试验方法清单

中国建材阻燃测试标准：

GB 12441 Finishing fire resistant coating饰面型防火涂料

GB 17927.1 Upholstered furniture.Assessment of the resistance to ignition of mattress and sofa.Part 1: Smouldering cigarette软体家具.床垫和沙发.抗引燃特性的评定.第1部分：阴燃的香烟

GB 20286 Requirements and mark on burning behavior of fire retarding products and subassemblies in public place公共场所阻燃制品及组件燃烧性能要求和标识

GB 50222 Code for Fire Protection Design of Building Interior Decoration建筑内部装修设计防火规范

GB 8624 Classification for burning behavior of building materials and products建筑材料及制品燃烧性能分级

GB/T 16172 Test method for heat release rate of building materials建筑材料热释放速率试验方法

GB/T 17596 Textiles--Commercial laundering procedure for textile fabrics prior to flammability testing纺织品织物燃烧试验前的商业洗涤程序

GB/T 17651.2 Measurement of smoke density of cables burning under defined conditions. Part 2: Test procedure and requirements电缆或光缆在特定条件下燃烧的烟密度测定第2部分;试验步骤和要求

GB/T 17927.1 Upholstered furniture.Assessment of the resistance to ignition of mattress and sofa.Part 1: Smouldering cigarette软体家具.床垫和沙发.抗引燃特性的评定.第1部分：阴燃的香烟

GB/T 18380.3 Tests on electric an optical fibre cables under fire conditions.Part 33:Test for vertical flame spread of vertically-mounted bunched wires or cables.Category A电缆和光缆在火焰条件下的燃烧试验.第33部分:垂直安装的成束电线电缆火焰垂直蔓延试验.A类

GB/T 20284Single burning item test for building materials and products建筑材料或制品的单体燃烧试验

GB/T 2408Plastics—Determination of burning characteristics—Horizontal and vertical test塑料燃烧性能的测定水平法和垂直法

GB/T 27904 Testing method for fire characteristics of furniture and subassemblies exposed to flaming ignition source火焰引燃家具和组件的燃烧性能试验方法

GB/T 28752 Test method for lateral spread of flame on building and transport products in vertical configuration火焰在垂直表面的横向蔓延试验方法

GB/T 5169.16 Fire hazard testing for electric and electronic products.Part 16:Test flames.50 W horizontal and vertical flame test methods电工电子产品着火危险试验第16部分:试验火焰 50 W水平与垂直火焰试验方法

GB/T 5455 Textiles--Burning behaviour--Vertical method纺织品燃烧性能试验垂直法

GB/T 8333 Test method for flammability of rigid cellular plastic.Virtical burning method硬质泡沫塑料燃烧性能试验方法.垂直燃烧法

GB/T 8625 Test method of difficult-flammability for building materials建筑材料难燃性试验方法

日本建材阻燃测试标准：

JIS K 7201-2 Plastics -- Determination of burning behaviour by oxygen index -- Part 2: Ambient-temperature test塑料.用氧指数测定其燃烧性.第2部分:室温试验

JIS K 7201-3 Plastics -- Determination of burning behaviour by oxygen index -- Part 3: Elevated-temperature test塑料.用示氧值测定燃烧性.第3部分:高温试验

其他建材阻燃测试标准：

AS 1530.1:1994(R2016) Methods for fire tests on building materials, components and structures - Combustibility test for materials建筑材料、成分和结构的防火测试方法材料可燃性测试

AS 5637.1 Determination of fire hazard properties, Part 1: Wall and ceiling linings火灾危险特性的测定第 1 部分：墙壁和天花板衬里

ISO 9705 Fire tests; full-scale room test for surface products着火试验.室内物品着火实样试验

AS/NZS 1530.3 Methods for Fire Tests on Building Materials, Components and Structures Part 3: Simultaneous Determination of Ignitability, Flame Propagation, Heat Release and Smoke Release建筑材料、构件和结构的耐火试验方法第3部分：可燃性、火焰传播、热释放和烟释放的同时测定

ASTM E1321 Test Method for Determining Material Ignition and Flame Spread Properties材料可燃性和火焰传播特性测定的试验方法